Bauhaus

Walter Gropius founded the Bauhaus in Weimar in 1919, combining a fine arts academy with a crafts school under one roof. Students took a required foundation course before moving into specialized workshops like furniture or typography. The school relocated twice under political pressure, first to Dessau in 1925, then to Berlin in 1932, before shutting down entirely in 1933 after the Nazi party took control of Berlin's city council.

Faculty over its fourteen years included Josef Albers, Marcel Breuer, and Wassily Kandinsky. After the closure, Gropius became chair of Harvard's design school in 1937, and Moholy-Nagy founded the New Bauhaus in Chicago that same year. Both moves helped embed Bauhaus curriculum directly into American design education.